Module 1
Before reading
A periodical is a type of publication that appears at regular, predictable, short intervals. They include such items as magazines, scholarly or professional journals, industry/trade journals, newspapers, and newsletters.
A magazine or newspaper whose target audience is people who work in a particular trade or industry is a trade\professional journal
A scholarly/academic journal is a periodical publication with news, opinions and reports about science, generally written for a non-expert audience.
A periodical publication, usually including primary research and/or reviews, that is written by scientific experts is called a popular\general interest magazine
Use of language
Task 1
| smooth, attractive, charming | Glossy |
| noticeable, attention-grabbing, easy to see or notice; | Eye-catching |
| glossy, shining, having an elegant smooth appearance | Slick |
| extra, additional, add-on | Supplementary |
| thorough, strict, with great attention to detail | Rigorous |
Task 2
| publish | an article |
| release | a periodical |
| support | research |
| present | data |
| maintain | quality |
| perform | research |
| access | a journal |
| honour | copyright |
| peer-review | articles |
| communicate | research to sb |
Task 3
Write the actual words opposite each transcription. Practice reading them.
| [ˌpɪri'ɒ:dɪkl] | periodical | ['æbstrækt] | abstract |
| ['jɪəli] | yearly | [piə(r)-rɪ'vju:] | peer-review |
| ['dʒɜ:nl] | journal | ['ækses] | access |
| ['rɪgərəs] | rigorous | ['ɒnə(r)] | honour |
| ['α:tɪkl] | article | ['dʒα:gən] | jargon |
| [ˌbɪbli'ɒgrəfi] | bibliography | ['skɒlə(r)] | scholar |
| [sɔ:s] | source | ['skɒlə(r)li] | scholarly |
| ['speʃəlaɪzd] | specialized | ['ekspɜ:t] | expert |
| [spe'sɪfɪk] | specific | [ˌmægə'zi:n] | magazine |
Task 4
1d 2f 3b 4e 5a 6c
| 1. | weekly | a newspaper or magazine that is published every week |
| 2. | monthly | happening once a month or every month |
| 3. | bi-monthly | produced or happening every two months or twice each month |
| 4. | quarterly | produced or happening every three months |
| 5. | semi-annually | happening every six months; happening after the first six months of the year |
| 6. | yearly\annually | a type of publication that appears once a year |
Task 5
Reference – a note in a book that tells you where a particular piece of information comes from.
Bibliography – a list of books or articles about a particular subject or by a particular author; the list of books, etc. that have been used by somebody writing an article, etc.
Paper – an academic article about a particular subject that is written by and for specialists a recent paper in the Journal of Medicine.
Article – a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine.
Newspaper – a set of large printed sheets of paper containing news, articles, advertisements, etc. and published every day or every week.
Journal – a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular academic subject.
Magazine – a type of large thin book with a paper cover that you can buy every week or month, containing articles, photographs, etc., often on a particular topic.
Editorial – an important article in a newspaper, that expresses the editor’s opinion about an item of news or an issue.
Newsletter – a printed report containing news of the activities of an organization that is sent regularly to all its members or published in a journal of the organization.
Copyright – a right on a piece of writing, music, etc., they are the only people who have the legal right to publish, broadcast, perform it, etc., and other people must ask their permission to use it or any part of it.
Terminology – the set of tech.nical words or expressions used in a particular subject medical terminology.
Jargon – words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to understand reading books, articles, etc. that are intended to be read.
Abstract – a short piece of writing containing the main ideas in a document.
Footnotes – an extra piece of information that is printed at the bottom of a page in a paper.
Module 2
While reading
Task 1
Primary
- Letters, diaries, interviews, president’s inauguration speech
- newsreel footage of World War II
- poetry by Robert Frost.
- markets shares
- Pablo Picasso's painting,
- transcripts of mentally ill patients;
- field data collected by environmental org;
- court cases
- invoices
- autobiography
Secondary
- Textbooks
- monographs
- review articles
- thesis,
- Article analyzing the President’s inauguration speech
- biographies
- review of Picasso's painting
- News commentaries;
- Article analyzing results of mental illness study;
- article on the environmental impact of pollution
Tertiary
- Encyclopedias, dictionaries
- guides
- chronology
- citation Indexes
- Abstracts
Use of language
Task 1
| g) | important, essential, crucial | (key/vital) |
| h) | scrutinize, study, test | (examine/check) |
| i) | viewpoint, perception, outlook | (perspective) |
| j) | unique, novel, first-hand | (original) |
| k) | get, receive, gain | (obtain) |
| l) | outline, summary, synopsis | overview |
Task 3
| 11) | maximize | k) | potential use |
| 12) | communicate | l) | one’s work to others |
| 13) | produce | m) | A report |
| 14) | get | n) | a general overview |
| 15) | make | o) | conclusions |
| 16) | gather | p) | background information |
| 17) | locate | q) | information |
| 18) | interpret | r) | research |
| 19) | analyze | s) | a source of information |
| 20) | list | t) | sources of information |
Task 4
| [ɪg'zæmɪn] | examine | ['kætəgəri] | category |
| [sɔ:s] | source | ['praɪməri] | primary |
| ['sekəndri] | secondary | [rɪ'vju:] | review |
| ['æbstrækt] | abstract | [rɪ'laɪəbl] | reliable |
| ['ækjərət] | accurate | ['tɜ:ʃeri] | tertiary |
| [pəs'pektɪv] | perspective | ['əʊvəvju:] | overview |
| [ɪn'tɜ:prɪt] | interpret | ['sɜ:veɪ] | survey |
| [rɪ'pɔ:t] | report | [ə'veɪləbl] | available |
Task 5
| 1) | monograph | a) | an article or short book that discusses a subject in detail |
| 2) | thesis | b) | a long piece of writing about a particular subject that you do as part of an advanced university degree such as an MA or a PhD |
| 3) | biography | c) | a book that tells what has happened in someone’s life, written by someone else |
| 4) | commentary | d) | something such as a book or an article that explains or discusses a book, poem, idea etc |
| 5) | footage | e) | cinema film showing a particular event |
| 6) | transcript | f) | a written or printed copy of a speech, conversation etc |
| 7) | abstract | g) | a short written statement containing only the most important ideas in a speech, article etc |
| 8) | autobiography | h) | a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type |
| 9) | summary | i) | a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details |
| 10) | review | j) | an article in a newspaper or magazine that gives an opinion about a new book, play, film etc |
| 11) | diary | k) | a book in which you write down the things that happen to you each day |
| 12) | survey | l) | a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out about their opinions or behaviour |
| 13) | poll | m) | the process of finding out what people think about something by asking many people the same question, or the record of the result |
| 14) | perspective | n) | a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences |
Module 3
While reading
Task 3
1) C 2) E 3) D 4) A 5) B
1 Background/Introduction
This research investigated the relationships among undergraduate computer science students’ computer-science-related career aspirations, perceived instrumentality (PI) for computer science courses, and achievement in those courses.
2 Purpose and aim
Specifically, the two studies examined (a) change in PI and career aspirations during a single semester, (b) the relationship between change in career aspirations and change in PI, and (c) the influence of career aspirations, PI, and change in career aspirations and PI on achievement in computer science courses.
3 Results
Findings from both studies revealed that students experienced a decrease in endogenous PI and career aspirations and an increase in exogenous PI during the semester.
4 Conclusions
It has been found that non-computer science majors experienced greater shifts in PI and career aspirations than computer science majors. Moreover, the change in PI happened in parallel and was curvilinear, with more change happening in the first half of the semester than the second half. Both studies also showed that computer-science-related career aspirations were associated with PI, and that aspirations and PI had a stronger relationship with scores on a computer science knowledge test than with course grades.
5 Discussion
Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Use of language
Task 1
1) b; 2) e; 3) d; 4) a; 5) c.
- What field is the current investigation done in? The current investigation is done in the field of Cognitive engineering.
- Why is it important? It’s important because it supports design of information displays, decision and training in numerous high risk domains ranging from nuclear power plant control to transportation and defense systems.
- What is already known about the subject of the research? cognitive engineering methods have been applied in the design of user-centered informatics systems, methods drawn from informatics are not typically incorporated into a cognitive engineering analysis.
- What do the scientists examine? They examine relevant cognitive engineering methods, and illustrate how they have been applied to the design of health information technology (HIT) systems.
- How do they approach the problem? The ways in which data-rich methods can inform cognitive engineering have been regarded.
Task 2
Many young students who turn to higher education (1) look forward to the day when the degree they receive will expedite a "good" job with a salary that (2) will enable them to buy a high social status. Higher education is perceived amongst students as a tool for achieving benefits and various goals they (3) have set for themselves, not necessarily as a goal in and of itself (opletka, 2008). Teacher training in Israel (4) is done in designated colleges. In the college that was chosen for this study the students who (5) are training to be computer science teachers must also train as mathematics teachers as well. Therefore, upon completing their studies the students receive a Bachelor of Education degree in both mathematics and computer science. The integration of these two subjects led us to conduct this study in order to examine the expectations and attitudes of the students who learn in this program. What (6) do they expect from the program and from themselves in the present and in the future.
Task 3
4) 1) 5) 6) 3) 2)
Mobile cloud computing for computation offloading: Issues and challenges. Applied Computing and Informatics (2018) 14, 1-16.
Despite the evolution and enhancements that mobile devices have experienced, they are still considered as limited computing devices. Today, users become more demanding and expect to execute computational intensive applications on their smartphone devices. Therefore, Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) integrates mobile computing and Cloud Computing (CC) in order to extend capabilities of mobile devices using offloading techniques. Computation offloading tackles limitations of Smart Mobile Devices (SMDs) such as limited battery lifetime, limited processing capabilities, and limited storage capacity by offloading the execution and workload to other rich systems with better performance and resources. This paper presents the current offloading frameworks, computation offloading techniques, and analyzes them along with their main critical issues. In addition, it explores different important parameters based on which the frameworks are implemented such as offloading method and level of partitioning. Finally, it summarizes the issues in offloading frameworks in the MCC domain that requires further research.
Module 4
Use of language
Task 1
| 1. | В статье обсуждается
рассматривается
исследуется
анализируется
сообщается
затрагивается | The article/paper discusses…
considers…
examines…
analyzes…
reports on
touches upon… |
| 2. | Статья представляет профессиональный интерес, потому что … | The article/paper is of (no) professional interest, because… |
| 3. | Статья выдвигает проблему | The article/paper suggests the problem of… |
| 4. | В статье содержится самая новейшая информация о | The article/paper contains the most up-to-date information on …. |
| 5. | Статья о | The article/paper deals with… |
| 6. | В статье исследуются общие проблемы | The article/paper explores common problems … |
| 7. | Тщательно рассматривается | A careful account is given to… |
| 8. | Подробно (кратко) описывается | A brief/ detailed description is given to … |
| 9. | Цель статьи | The object (purpose) of the article/paper is |
| 10. | Много (мало) внимания уделено | Much/little attention is given to … |
| 11. | Особый интерес представляет | Of particular interest is… |
| 12. | Говорится, что | It is said that… |
| 13. | Подчёркивается, что | It is pointed out/ stressed that… |
| 14. | Признано, что | It is recognized that… |
| 15. | Утверждается, что | It is claimed that … |
| 16. | Найдено, что | It is found that… |
| 17. | Статья информирует о | The article/paper informs on…/ The article/paper provides information on … |
Task 3
The article/paper is of particular interest…
Special emphasis is placed on…
It is pointed out that…
A careful account is given to…
The article/paper informs on…
The article/paper reports on…
The article/paper provides information on …
The article/paper raises up a question of…
The article/paper touches upon the problem of…
The article/paper deals with…
Task 6
GROUP 1 (addition)
Also, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, another
GROUP 2 (contrasts)
Although, But, whereas, However,
GROUP 3 (conclusions)
Lastly, In conclusion, The final, To conclude
GROUP 4 (lists)
Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, lastly, To conclude
GROUP 5 (classify or restate)
For example, For instance,… may be classified as … In other words
GROUP 6 (importance markers)
Chiefly, principally, The major difficulty is … More important, An important aspect
GROUP 7 (restating or referring back)
In other words, another.
SUPPLEMENTARY TASKS. POPULAR SCIENCE ARTICLES
UNIT II
Use of language
Task 2
| to change | to alter /adjust |
| to predict | to make predictions |
| a vantage point | a viewpoint |
| vision | image |
